我将向大家先容如何利用 MySQL 的 JOIN 在两个或多个表中查询数据。
你可以在SELECT, UPDATE 和 DELETE 语句中利用 Mysql 的 JOIN 来联合多表查询。
JOIN 按照功能大致分为如下三类:
INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录。
LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,纵然右表没有对应匹配的记录。
RIGHT JOIN(右连接): 与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,纵然左表没有对应匹配的记录。
我利用的数据库构造及数据下载:RUNOOB.sql。
在命令提示符中利用 INNER JOIN
我们在RUNOOB数据库中有两张表 tcount_tbl 和 runoob_tbl。两张数据表数据如下:
实例
考试测验以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:mysql> use RUNOOB;Database changed
mysql> SELECT FROM tcount_tbl;+-----------------+----------------+| runoob_author | runoob_count |+-----------------+----------------+| mahran | 20 || mahnaz | NULL || Jen | NULL || Gill | 20 || John Poul | 1 || Sanjay | 1 |+-----------------+----------------+6 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql> SELECT from runoob_tbl;+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+| 1 | Learn PHP | John Poul | 2007-05-24 || 2 | Learn MySQL | Abdul S | 2007-05-24 || 3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay | 2007-05-06 |+-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql>
接下来我们就利用MySQL的INNER JOIN(也可以省略 INNER 利用 JOIN,效果一样)来连接以上两张表来读取runoob_tbl表中所有runoob_author字段在tcount_tbl表对应的runoob_count字段值:
mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;+-----------+---------------+--------------+| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |+-----------+---------------+--------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-----------+---------------+--------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上 SQL 语句等价于:
mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a, tcount_tbl b WHERE a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+2 rows in set (0.01 sec)mysql>
MySQL LEFT JOIN
MySQL left join 与 join 有所不同。 MySQL LEFT JOIN 会读取左边数据表的全部数据,即便右边表无对应数据。
实例
考试测验以下实例,以 runoob_tbl 为左表,tcount_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL LEFT JOIN的运用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:mysql> use RUNOOB;Database changed
mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a LEFT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 2 | Abdul S | NULL || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中利用了LEFT JOIN,该语句会读取左边的数据表runoob_tbl的所有选取的字段数据,即便在右侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的runoob_author字段值。
MySQL RIGHT JOIN
MySQL RIGHT JOIN 会读取右边数据表的全部数据,即便左边边表无对应数据。
实例
考试测验以下实例,以 tcount_tbl 为左表,runoob_tbl 为右表,理解MySQL RIGHT JOIN的运用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password;Enter password:mysql> use RUNOOB;Database changed
mysql> SELECT b.runoob_id, b.runoob_author, a.runoob_count FROM tcount_tbl a RIGHT JOIN runoob_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| runoob_id | runoob_author | runoob_count |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+| 1 | John Poul | 1 || 2 | Abdul S | NULL || 3 | Sanjay | 1 |+-------------+-----------------+----------------+3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上实例中利用了 RIGHT JOIN,该语句会读取右边的数据表 runoob_tbl 的所有选取的字段数据,即便在左侧表tcount_tbl中没有对应的runoob_author字段值。
在PHP脚本中利用JOIN
PHP 中利用mysql_query()函数来实行SQL语句,你可以利用以上的相同的SQL语句作为mysql_query()函数的参数。
考试测验如下实例:
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';$dbuser = 'root';$dbpass = 'rootpassword';$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);if(! $conn ){
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());}$sql = 'SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author';mysql_select_db('RUNOOB');$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );if(! $retval ){
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());}while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC)){
echo \"大众Author:{$row['runoob_author']} <br> \"大众.
\"大众Count: {$row['runoob_count']} <br> \"大众.
\"大众Tutorial ID: {$row['runoob_id']} <br> \"大众.
\公众--------------------------------<br>\"大众;} echo \"大众Fetched data successfully\n\"大众;mysql_close($conn);?>
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