Apache POI 简介是用Java编写的免费开源的跨平台的 Java API,Apache POI供应API给Java程式对Microsoft Office(Excel、WORD、PowerPoint、Visio等)格式档案读和写的功能。POI为“Poor Obfuscation Implementation”的首字母缩写,意为“可怜的模糊实现”。
官方主页: http://poi.apache.org/index.html
API文档: http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html
Java Excel是一开放源码项目,通过它Java开拓职员可以读取Excel文件的内容、创建新的Excel文件、更新已经存在的Excel文件。jxl 由于其小巧 易用的特点, 逐渐已经取代了 POI-excel的地位, 成为了越来越多的java开拓职员天生excel文件的首选。
由于apache poi 在项目中用的比较多,本篇博客只讲解apache poi,不讲jxl
二:Apache POI常用的类HSSF - 供应读写Microsoft Excel XLS格式档案的功能。XSSF - 供应读写Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX格式档案的功能。HWPF - 供应读写Microsoft Word DOC97格式档案的功能。XWPF - 供应读写Microsoft Word DOC2003格式档案的功能。HSLF - 供应读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。HDGF - 供应读Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。HPBF - 供应读Microsoft Publisher格式档案的功能。HSMF - 供应读Microsoft Outlook格式档案的功能。在开拓中我们常常利用HSSF用来操作Excel处理表格数据,对付其它的不常常利用。
HSSF 是Horrible SpreadSheet Format的缩写,通过HSSF,你可以用纯Java代码来读取、写入、修正Excel文件。HSSF 为读取操作供应了两类API:usermodel和eventusermodel,即“用户模型”和“事宜-用户模型”。
常用的类和方法
HSSFworkbook :事情簿,代表一个excel的全体文档HSSFWorkbook();// 创建一个新的事情簿HSSFWorkbook(InputStream inputStream); // 创建一个关联输入流的事情簿,可以将一个excel文件封装成事情簿HSSFSheet createSheet(String sheetname); 创建一个新的SheetHSSFSheet getSheet(String sheetName); 通过名称获取SheetHSSFSheet getSheetAt(int index); // 通过索引获取Sheet,索引从0开始HSSFCellStyle createCellStyle(); 创建单元格样式int getNumberOfSheets(); 获取sheet的个数setActiveSheet(int index); 设置默认选中的事情表write();write(File newFile);write(OutputStream stream);HSSFSheet:事情表HSSFRow createRow(int rownum); 创建新行,须要指定行号,行号从0开始HSSFRow getRow(int index); 根据索引获取指定的行int addMergedRegion(CellRangeAddress region); 合并单元格CellRangeAddress(int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstCol, int lastCol); 单元格范围, 用于合并单元格,须要指定要合并的首行、末了一行、首列、末了一列。autoSizeColumn(int column); 自动调度列的宽度来适应内容getLastRowNum(); 获取末了的行的索引,没有行或者只有一行的时候返回0setColumnWidth(int columnIndex, int width); 设置某一列的宽度,width=字符个数 256,例如20个字符的宽度便是20 256HSSFRow :行HSSFCell createCell(int column); 创建新的单元格HSSFCell setCell(shot index);HSSFCell getCell(shot index);setRowStyle(HSSFCellStyle style); 设置行样式short getLastCellNum(); 获取末了的单元格号,如果单元格有第一个开始算,lastCellNum便是列的个数setHeightInPoints(float height); 设置行的高度HSSFCell:单元格setCellValue(String value); 设置单元格的值setCellType(); 设置单元格类型,如 字符串、数字、布尔等setCellStyle(); 设置单元格样式String getStringCellValue(); 获取单元格中的字符串值setCellStyle(HSSFCellStyle style); 设置单元格样式,例如字体、加粗、格式化setCellFormula(String formula); 设置打算公式,打算的结果作为单元格的值,也供应了异常常用的函数,如求和34;sum(A1,C1)"、日期函数、字符串干系函数、CountIf和SumIf函数、随机数函数等HSSFCellStyle :单元格样式setFont(Font font); 为单元格设置字体样式setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment align); // 设置水平对齐办法setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment align); // 设置垂直对齐办法setFillPattern(FillPatternType fp);setFillForegroundColor(short bg); 设置前景色setFillBackgroundColor(short bg); 设置背景颜色HSSFFont:字体,setColor(short color);// 设置字体颜色setBold(boolean bold); // 设置是否粗体setItalic(boolean italic); 设置倾斜setUnderline(byte underline); 设置下划线HSSFName:名称HSSFDataFormat :日期格式化HSSFHeader : Sheet的头部HSSFFooter :Sheet的尾部HSSFDateUtil :日期工具HSSFPrintSetup :打印设置HSSFErrorConstants:缺点信息表Excel中的事情簿、事情表、行、单元格中的关系:
一个Excel文件对应于一个workbook(HSSFWorkbook),一个workbook可以有多个sheet(HSSFSheet)组成,一个sheet是由多个row(HSSFRow)组成,一个row是由多个cell(HSSFCell)组成三:根本示例首先引入apache poi的依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>3.8</version> </dependency>
示例一:在桌面上天生一个Excel文件
public static void createExcel() throws IOException{// 获取桌面路径FileSystemView fsv = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView();String desktop = fsv.getHomeDirectory().getPath();String filePath = desktop + "/template.xls";File file = new File(filePath);OutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);row.createCell(0).setCellValue("id");row.createCell(1).setCellValue("订单号");row.createCell(2).setCellValue("下单韶光");row.createCell(3).setCellValue("个数");row.createCell(4).setCellValue("单价");row.createCell(5).setCellValue("订单金额");row.setHeightInPoints(30); // 设置行的高度HSSFRow row1 = sheet.createRow(1);row1.createCell(0).setCellValue("1");row1.createCell(1).setCellValue("NO00001");// 日期格式化HSSFCellStyle cellStyle2 = workbook.createCellStyle();HSSFCreationHelper creationHelper = workbook.getCreationHelper();cellStyle2.setDataFormat(creationHelper.createDataFormat().getFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));sheet.setColumnWidth(2, 20 256); // 设置列的宽度HSSFCell cell2 = row1.createCell(2);cell2.setCellStyle(cellStyle2);cell2.setCellValue(new Date());row1.createCell(3).setCellValue(2);// 保留两位小数HSSFCellStyle cellStyle3 = workbook.createCellStyle();cellStyle3.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("0.00"));HSSFCell cell4 = row1.createCell(4);cell4.setCellStyle(cellStyle3);cell4.setCellValue(29.5);// 货币格式化HSSFCellStyle cellStyle4 = workbook.createCellStyle();HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();font.setFontName("华文行楷");font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)15);font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);cellStyle4.setFont(font);HSSFCell cell5 = row1.createCell(5);cell5.setCellFormula("D2E2"); // 设置打算公式// 获取打算公式的值HSSFFormulaEvaluator e = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator(workbook);cell5 = e.evaluateInCell(cell5);System.out.println(cell5.getNumericCellValue());workbook.setActiveSheet(0);workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.close();}
示例2:读取Excel,解析数据
public static void readExcel() throws IOException{FileSystemView fsv = FileSystemView.getFileSystemView();String desktop = fsv.getHomeDirectory().getPath();String filePath = desktop + "/template.xls";FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(fileInputStream);POIFSFileSystem fileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(bufferedInputStream);HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileSystem);HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("Sheet1");int lastRowIndex = sheet.getLastRowNum();System.out.println(lastRowIndex);for (int i = 0; i <= lastRowIndex; i++) {HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);if (row == null) { break; }short lastCellNum = row.getLastCellNum();for (int j = 0; j < lastCellNum; j++) {String cellValue = row.getCell(j).getStringCellValue();System.out.println(cellValue);}}bufferedInputStream.close();}
四:Java Web 中导出和导入Excel
1、导出示例
@SuppressWarnings("resource")@RequestMapping("/export") public void exportExcel(HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session, String name) throws Exception { String[] tableHeaders = {"id", "姓名", "年事"}; HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER); cellStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);Font font = workbook.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); font.setBold(true);cellStyle.setFont(font);// 将第一行的三个单元格给合并sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, 2));HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);HSSFCell beginCell = row.createCell(0);beginCell.setCellValue("通讯录");beginCell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);row = sheet.createRow(1);// 创建表头for (int i = 0; i < tableHeaders.length; i++) {HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);cell.setCellValue(tableHeaders[i]);cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); }List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();users.add(new User(1L, "张三", 20));users.add(new User(2L, "李四", 21));users.add(new User(3L, "王五", 22));for (int i = 0; i < users.size(); i++) {row = sheet.createRow(i + 2);User user = users.get(i);row.createCell(0).setCellValue(user.getId()); row.createCell(1).setCellValue(user.getName()); row.createCell(2).setCellValue(user.getAge()); }OutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream(); response.reset(); response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel"); response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=template.xls"); workbook.write(outputStream);outputStream.flush(); outputStream.close();}
2、导入示例
1、利用SpringMVC上传文件,须要用到commons-fileupload
<dependency><groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId><artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId><version>1.3</version></dependency>
2、须要在spring的配置文件中配置一下multipartResolver
<bean name="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" /></bean>
3、index.jsp
<a href="/Spring-Mybatis-Druid/user/export">导出</a> <br/><form action="/Spring-Mybatis-Druid/user/import" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post"><input type="file" name="file"/> <input type="submit" value="导入Excel"></form>
4、解析上传的.xls文件
@SuppressWarnings("resource")@RequestMapping("/import")public void importExcel(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws Exception{InputStream inputStream = file.getInputStream();BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStream);POIFSFileSystem fileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(bufferedInputStream);HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileSystem);//HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file.getInputStream());HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);int lastRowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();for (int i = 2; i <= lastRowNum; i++) {HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(i);int id = (int) row.getCell(0).getNumericCellValue();String name = row.getCell(1).getStringCellValue();int age = (int) row.getCell(2).getNumericCellValue();System.out.println(id + "-" + name + "-" + age);}}
导出效果:
导入效果: