算是一个比较大略的函数了,我们来通过 gdb 来一探究竟。
通过本文,你可以窥伺下
● gdb 的大略利用
● gdb gui 模式初探
● 看看平时写的 PHP 代码在 C 措辞里的样子
● 对利用 gdb 调试 php 代码有个初步理解
● 对了,文末有一些截图,不要错过
采购食材
● 电脑一台
● docker 和 docker-compose
gdb 也好, PHP 也好,都打包成 docker 镜像啦,开袋即食,甚好。
备菜环节
1、利用 docker 拉取环境
# 拉取准备好的环境
git clone https://github.com/rovast/docker-examples.git
# 进入项目
cd docker-examples/gdb-php-src/
# 启动,会经历一个漫长又不太漫长的等待,看你网速
docker-compose up -d
关于容器内的环境,大家可以看看 dockerfile
实在很大略,便是基于 gcc 官方镜像构建,然后增加了 vim gdb,并且下载了 php7.0.0 的源码,按照 debug 参数进行编译
显示如下
Creating network \公众gdb-php-src_default\"大众 with the default driver
Creating gdb-php-src ... done
2、进入容器
docker exec -it gdb-php-src bash
### 显示下面的东西,表示你已经进入到容器内了 ####
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home#
我们看看容器内的环境(php 以及 gdb)
### 我们在容器内看看环境
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home# ls
php-7.0.0 start.md
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home# gdb -v
GNU gdb (Debian 7.12-6) 7.12.0.20161007-git
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type \"大众show copying\公众
and \公众show warranty\"大众 for details.
This GDB was configured as \"大众x86_64-linux-gnu\"大众.
Type \公众show configuration\公众 for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type \"大众help\公众.
Type \"大众apropos word\"大众 to search for commands related to \公众word\"大众.
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home# php -v
PHP 7.0.0 (cli) (built: Apr 17 2019 13:33:30) ( NTS DEBUG )
Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home#
开火(请在容器内操作)
1、新建测试文件
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home# vi test.php
输入以下内容
<?php
strval(1234);
这个文件干的事情就比较大略了,便是把 -1234 [整形] 转换为 -1234 [字符串]
2、开始调试,进入 gdb
接下来车速较快,各位按步骤跟上
输入 gdb php,开始调试
root@71a98d1bc1a6:/home# gdb php
GNU gdb (Debian 7.12-6) 7.12.0.20161007-git
Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type \"大众show copying\公众
and \"大众show warranty\"大众 for details.
This GDB was configured as \公众x86_64-linux-gnu\"大众.
Type \公众show configuration\"大众 for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type \公众help\"大众.
Type \"大众apropos word\公众 to search for commands related to \"大众word\"大众...
Reading symbols from php...done.
(gdb)
3、打一些断点(敲命令时可以用 tab 补全)
(gdb) b zend_long_to_str
Breakpoint 1 at 0x810423: file /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.c, line 2743.
(gdb) b zend_print_ulong_to_buf
Breakpoint 2 at 0x5f387b: zend_print_ulong_to_buf. (13 locations)
(gdb)
这里在关键函数 zend_long_to_str 和 zend_print_ulong_to_buf 打了断点。
b 在 gdb 中是 breakpoint 缩写,后面可以加函数名,或者当前文件的行号都是可以的
4、实行,查看断点值
(gdb) r test.php # 实行我们刚才的那个 PHP 文件
Starting program: /usr/local/bin/php test.php
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library \"大众/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1\"大众.
warning: File \"大众/usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.25-gdb.py\"大众 auto-loading has been declined by your `auto-load safe-path' set to \公众$debugdir:$datadir/auto-load\"大众.
To enable execution of this file add
add-auto-load-safe-path /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.25-gdb.py
line to your configuration file \"大众/root/.gdbinit\公众.
To completely disable this security protection add
set auto-load safe-path /
line to your configuration file \"大众/root/.gdbinit\公众.
For more information about this security protection see the
\公众Auto-loading safe path\"大众 section in the GDB manual. E.g., run from the shell:
info \公众(gdb)Auto-loading safe path\"大众
Breakpoint 1, zend_long_to_str (num=-1234) at /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.c:2743
2743 char res = zend_print_long_to_buf(buf + sizeof(buf) - 1, num);
(gdb)
看的彷佛不明了嘛, ctrl + x 后再按 a 进入 gui 模式看看
┌──/home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.c────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│2731 ZEND_API void ZEND_FASTCALL zend_locale_sprintf_double(zval op ZEND_FILE_LINE_DC) / {{{ / │
│2732 { │
│2733 zend_string str; │
│2734 │
│2735 str = zend_strpprintf(0, \公众%.G\"大众, (int) EG(precision), (double)Z_DVAL_P(op)); │
│2736 ZVAL_NEW_STR(op, str); │
│2737 } │
│2738 / }}} / │
│2739 │
│2740 ZEND_API zend_string ZEND_FASTCALL zend_long_to_str(zend_long num) / {{{ / │
│2741 { │
│2742 char buf[MAX_LENGTH_OF_LONG + 1]; │
B+>│2743 char res = zend_print_long_to_buf(buf + sizeof(buf) - 1, num); │
│2744 return zend_string_init(res, buf + sizeof(buf) - 1 - res, 0); │
│2745 } │
│2746 / }}} / │
│2747 │
│2748 ZEND_API zend_uchar ZEND_FASTCALL is_numeric_str_function(const zend_string str, zend_long lval, double dval) / {{{ / { │
│2749 return is_numeric_string_ex(ZSTR_VAL(str), ZSTR_LEN(str), lval, dval, -1, NULL); │
│2750 } │
│2751 / }}} / │
│2752 │
│2753 ZEND_API zend_uchar ZEND_FASTCALL _is_numeric_string_ex(const char str, size_t length, zend_long lval, double dval, int allo│
│2754 { │
│2755 const char ptr; │
│2756 int digits = 0, dp_or_e = 0; │
│2757 double local_dval = 0.0; │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
multi-thre Thread 0x7ffff7fe37 In: zend_long_to_str L2743 PC: 0x810423
(gdb)
有点意思了,函数在 2743 行断住了,我们来看看 num 的值
(gdb) p num
$1 = -1234
(gdb)
对嘛,这个便是我们要处理的值,我们全速运行到 zend_print_long_to_buf 里看看
(gdb) c
Continuing.
显示如下
(gdb) c
┌──/home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.h────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│781 else \ │
│782 ZEND_TRY_BINARY_OP2_OBJECT_OPERATION(opcode) │
│783 │
│784 #define ZEND_TRY_UNARY_OBJECT_OPERATION(opcode) \ │
│785 if (UNEXPECTED(Z_TYPE_P(op1) == IS_OBJECT) \ │
│786 && UNEXPECTED(Z_OBJ_HANDLER_P(op1, do_operation)) \ │
│787 && EXPECTED(SUCCESS == Z_OBJ_HANDLER_P(op1, do_operation)(opcode, result, op1, NULL))) { \ │
│788 return SUCCESS; \ │
│789 } │
│790 │
│791 / buf points to the END of the buffer / │
│792 static zend_always_inline char zend_print_ulong_to_buf(char buf, zend_ulong num) { │
B+>│793 buf = '\0'; │
│794 do { │
│795 --buf = (char) (num % 10) + '0'; │
│796 num /= 10; │
│797 } while (num > 0); │
│798 return buf; │
│799 } │
│800 │
│801 / buf points to the END of the buffer / │
│802 static zend_always_inline char zend_print_long_to_buf(char buf, zend_long num) { │
│803 if (num < 0) { │
│804 char result = zend_print_ulong_to_buf(buf, ~((zend_ulong) num) + 1); │
│805 --result = '-'; │
│806 return result; │
│807 } else { │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
multi-thre Thread 0x7ffff7fe37 In: zend_print_ulong_to_buf L793 PC: 0x8041fd
接下来,我们来进行一些单步调试,看看内存里的值
Breakpoint 1, zend_long_to_str (num=-1234) at /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.c:2743
(gdb) c #-------------> 表示连续实行
Continuing.
Breakpoint 2, zend_print_ulong_to_buf (buf=0x7fffffffafe4 \"大众\"大众, num=1234) at /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.h:793
(gdb) b 798 #-------------> 798行打个断点
Breakpoint 6 at 0x5f38e2: /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.h:798. (13 locations)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
Breakpoint 6, zend_print_ulong_to_buf (buf=0x7fffffffafe0 \公众1234\"大众, num=0) at /home/php-7.0.0/Zend/zend_operators.h:798
(gdb) p buf #-------------> 查看 buf 的值
$2 = 0x7fffffffafe0 \"大众1234\公众
(gdb) x/10c buf #-------------> 查看 buf 位置开始,连续 10 个以 char 为单位的内存值
0x7fffffffafe0: 49 '1' 50 '2' 51 '3' 52 '4' 0 '\000' 0 '\000' 0 '\000' 0 '\000'
0x7fffffffafe8: 0 '\000' 65 'A'
(gdb)
我们看到,函数返回的 buf 是字符串类型的 '1234'
我们看看函数 zend_print_ulong_to_buf,实在便是从高位到低位,按个取模(除以 10,取整数部分),然后塞到 buf 缓冲区。
比较故意思的是,buf 初始化的时候指向的是缓冲区的末端,以是添补的时候高位在末了,然后逐步往前添补低位。
末了结束的时候,buf 便是我们须要的字符串类容了
消化
实在,本文便是利用 gdb 调试了 PHP 代码,仅此而已。
更多的是给大家供应了一个直接上手玩玩的机会,你所须要的只是个 docker,然后动动手调试,很故意思。
动手试试吧,乃至,去看 C 源码吧!
附录
手摸手带你看 strval 函数 C 实现
以上便是【docker+gdb】调试 PHP 源码,看 strval 函数 C 实现的详细内容,更多请关注其它干系文章!
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